Common House Martin

Delichon urbicum

Order: Passeriformes
Family: Hirundinidae
Presence in the Strait: Seasonal
Abundance: abundant
Protection in Spain: Special protection (List)
In Spanish: Avión común

Photograph: MPF, CC BY 2.5, vía Wikimedia Commons

Length: 13 cm
Weight: 19 g

Presence in the Strait

Abundant summer visitor to urban areas.

Identification

Contrasting blue-black upperparts and white underparts. Short, notched tail, white rump and grey underwings; totally feathered legs. They build their nests in the shape of a closed cup with an narrow entrance, forming colonies on buildings. Site fidelity is strong.

Movements

Peaks in 2nd hf. March and 1 hf. October. st Hirundinidae Golondrina Dáurica Golondrina Común Golondrina Común Avión Común

Bioestrecho editorial text. Last revised: 8 September 2026.

Photographs from iNaturalist observations with the licence checked file by file. Those marked “Strait” were taken within the area; place and date are those of each observation.

Calendar in the Strait

21 %

Peak in September. Observations under CC0 or CC BY licences. The distribution also reflects observation effort.

Where it is seen

Open records from the atlas database, in cells of about 3.6 km. Opacity follows the square root of the count, and also reflects where people observe most.

See on the map

First open record: 25 February 1966
Latest record: 14 April 2026

The oldest and the most recent open observation in the extended area. A recent first observation does not mean the species is new: it means nobody had published it openly before.

Conservation

The catalogues, Andalusian and Spanish, are what binds; the Red Book assesses the Spanish population with IUCN criteria, and the global Red List is the context.

LCNTVUENCR

Andalusian Catalogue: Special protection (List)
Spanish Catalogue: Special protection (List)
Red Book of the Birds of Spain 2021: LC · Least concern · breeding
Global Red List (IUCN): LC · Least concern

Andalusian Catalogue: Junta de Andalucía, list of 24 April 2025. Spanish Catalogue: MITECO, table of 30 June 2025. Red Book: SEO/BirdLife, 2021 (Annex I). IUCN: via GBIF, 6 September 2026. Red Book and IUCN categories are assessments; catalogue categories are legal obligations.

Phenology compared

Monthly distribution in proportion, by decade. It shows whether the passage is getting earlier or later.

1990–1999

2000–2009

2010–2026

Proportions, not totals: observation effort grew faster than any population.

Classification

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Hirundinidae
GBIF taxon key: 2489214

Sources

Distribution and calendar: Bioestrecho's own database, ingested from GBIF and OBIS
Photograph: MPF, CC BY 2.5, vía Wikimedia Commons
Taxonomy: GBIF backbone, pending WoRMS for marine taxa
Editorial text: written by Bioestrecho
Last revised: 8 September 2026

Common House Martin

Presence in the Strait

Identification

Movements

Gallery